−), which is very active, is formed when a single electron is added to the ground state O 2 molecule.
Free radicals are formed in different ways: (i) many organic molecules (glyceraldehydes, adrenaline, l-dopa, dopamine, cysteine etc.) oxidize in the presence of O 2 to form the superoxide radical (ii) many of these radicals in vivo are produced by an incomplete transfer of electrons on O 2 just before the terminal cytochrome oxidase step. A free radical is a species which contains one or more unpaired electrons, which makes them very reactive as they need another electron to fill the orbital and become more stable. Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between ROS levels in the organism and the capacity of antioxidant mechanisms. Nitrogenous species and free radicals start chain reactions which can favour the initiation and progression of many complications in diseases. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are implicated in a large number of illnesses, especially chronic ones. Vegetables and fruits are an important source for therapeutic products which can prevent, relieve or cure numerous illnesses as they are an important source of phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds. Origin of Oxidation: The Importance of Natural Antioxidants
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